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What Are U Shaped Valleys? A U-shaped valley is an geological formation with high, steep sides and a rounded or flat valley bottom. They are the result of glaciation and are often home to lakes, rivers and sand traps found on golf courses, kettle lakes (water hazards) and other natural features. Glacial erosion creates U-shaped valleys as rocks are removed from the sides and bottom of the valley. These valleys can be found in mountainous regions across the globe. Glaciers are responsible for the formation of them. Glaciers are large bodies of ice that are formed on the tops of mountains and then slide down them. When they degrade the landscape, they create U-shaped valleys that have flat floors and steep sides. These valleys are different from river valleys that are generally formed in the shape of a letter V. While glacial erosion can be seen in a variety of places but these valleys are characteristic of mountain areas. They are so distinct that it is easy to tell whether the landscape was formed by rivers or glaciers. The formation of a U-shaped gorge begins with an existing V-shaped river valley. As the glacier melts, it encroaches upon the V-shaped valley of the river and creates an U-shaped inverted form. The ice also scour the land's surface, causing high and straight walls on the sides of valley. This process is known as glaciation and requires a great deal of strength to scour the earth this way. As the glacier continues to degrade the landscape, it also makes the valley deeper and wider. This is because the glacier has a lower frictional resistance compared to the rocks around it. As the glacier travels down the valley, it causes friction on the rock surfaces and pulls the rocks that are weak from the valley wall in a process referred to as plucking. These processes combine to increase the width, depth and smooth the U-shaped valley. This process also causes small valleys to “hang over the main one. This valley is sometimes filled with ribbon lakes, which are created by the rushing of water through the glacier. The valley is also characterized by striations, ruts, and till on the sides as well as moraines and till on the floor. U-shaped valleys are found across the globe. They are prevalent in mountainous areas, including the Andes, Alps, Caucasus, Himalaya and Rocky Mountains. In the United States, they are typically found in national parks. Examples include Glacier National Park and the Nant Ffrancon Valley in Wales. In some cases valleys can expand to the ocean and transform into Fjords. This is a natural process that occurs when the glacier melts. It can take thousands of years to form these valleys. The ocean's depths are deep U-shaped valleys are characterized by steep sides that curve at the bottom, and a wide flat valley floor. They are formed by river valleys that were filled with glaciers during the Ice Age. Glaciers degrade the valley floor by plucking and abrasion and cause the valley to grow deeper and widen more evenly than a river could. These types of features are found in mountainous regions around the world, including the Andes Mountains, Alps Mountains, Himalayas Mountains, Rocky Mountains and New Zealand. Glacial erosion of a river valley may transform it into a u-shaped one by increasing its depth and expanding it. The force of the glacier's erosion can also cause smaller side valleys which are often characterized by waterfalls, to rise above the main valley. These types of valleys are known as “hanging valleys” because they hang above the main valley when the glacier retreats. These valleys are usually located in forests and could contain lakes. Some valleys are used for farming while others are flood-prone. Many of these valleys can be found in Alaska in the region where melting glaciers are the most prominent. Valley glaciers are massive streams of ice that resemble rivers and slowly slide down the slopes of mountains during a glacier. They can reach depths over 1000 feet and are the most prevalent form in alpine areas of valley erosion. They eat away at the rocks at the bottom of the valley and leave behind depressions or holes that are then filled with water. The lakes that result are narrow and long, and can be found on the peaks of certain mountains. Another kind of valley, called a glacial trough is a U-shaped trough that extends into salt water and forms an fjord. They can be found all over the world and include Norway, where they're called fjords. They are created by melting glaciers and can be seen on maps of the globe. They are distinguished by steep sides and rounded sides with a U-shape. The walls of troughs are usually made from granite. The slopes are steep A U-shaped valley is a geomorphological feature that has steep, high sides and a rounded base. Glaciers are responsible for many of these valleys. They are frequent in mountainous areas. This is due to glaciers being slow moving rivers of ice that travel downhill, scouring the earth as they move. Scientists once believed that glaciers could not create valleys because they were so soft. But now, we know they can. Glaciers cut distinctive u-shaped valleys using the processes of plucking and abrasion. These processes widen, steepen and deepen V-shaped valleys to an U shape through erosion. They also alter the slopes of the valley floor. These changes happen in the front of a glacier as it moves through a valley. This is the reason why the U shape valley is usually larger at the top than at the bottom. Sometimes, U-shaped valleys may be filled with lakes. These kettle lakes form in hollows caused by erosion of the glacier, or dammed by the moraine. The lake can be a temporary feature while the glacier melts or remains after the glacier recedes. These lakes are often found in conjunction with cirques. A flat-floored valley is another kind of valley. This valley is formed by streams which erode the soil. However, it does not have a steep slope like a U-shaped valley. They are usually found in mountainous areas and are often older than other kinds of valleys. There are a variety of valleys in the world and each one has its own distinct appearance. The most common is a V-shaped valley, but other types include U-shaped valleys and the rift valleys. A Rift valley develops in places where crust of the earth is separating. These are typically narrow valleys that have steep sides. This is evident in the Nant Ffrancon Valley, located in Snowdonia. couch u shape are broad U-shaped valleys are distinguished by their broad bases unlike V-shaped ones. They are typically found in mountains and are formed by glaciers. Glaciers are huge blocks made of snow and ice that degrade landscapes as they move downward. They cause valleys to recede by crushing the rocks with friction and the abrasion. This erosion is called the scouring. The glaciers degrade the landscape in a distinctive U-shaped design. These are referred to as U-shaped valleys and are located in many places around the world. The formation of these valleys occurs when glaciers erode existing river valleys. The glacier's slow movement and weight degrades the valley's floor and sides creating a distinct U shape. This process is known as glacial erosion, and has led to some of the most stunning landscapes on Earth. These valleys are often called trough valleys or glacial troughs. They are found throughout the globe, but are most often found in areas with glaciers and mountains. They can vary in dimensions from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers. They also differ in depth and length. The fluctuation in temperature will be greater the deeper the valley. A ribbon lake or fjord is formed when a U-shaped valley fills with water. The ribbon lakes develop in the valleys in which the glacier cut the less resistant rock. They can also develop in valleys where the glacier was stopped by a wall of moraine. Apart from ribbon lakes, U-shaped valleys may also have glacial features such as erratics, hanging valleys and moraine dams. Erratics, also known as massive boulders, are created by glaciers as it moves. The erratics are often used to define the boundaries of glaciated areas. These smaller valleys are left 'hanging” above the main valley created by the glacier. These valleys are not as deep as the main valley and they have less ice. These valleys are cut by tributary ice and are often overshadowed by waterfalls.